The play
directed by Matthew Dunster for Globe theatre ends with this scene (see the
image of Lucifer). What does it signify?
DR.FAUSTUS is a play by Christopher Marlowe, based
on the German story, in which a man sells his soul to the devil for power,
experience, pleasure and knowledge, and how his "HUBRIS" pulled him
towards his own tragic fall.
The play directed by met how Matthew Dunster in the last scene in the doctor has given a soul of Lucifer. to come in
the stage in open of his wings it the symbol of the strength power ,superior
position and he become king of the hell and suppression from god.
2. Is God
present in the play? If yes, where and how? If No, why?
Yes, I
think god is present of play many times Faustus's use of the o my godin the Christianity is present in the play. But we
can not find visual image of god in the play. Or movie when Faustus is state of
the magic and this entire thing he has speak of the against of the god. And he
speak in the play god is the powerful many praise. then I find in the play has
god present but not visual image but many symbol old man and good angle.
3.What
reading and interpretation can be given to this image (see the image of
Daedalus and Icarus) with reference to central theme of the play Dr. Faustus?
This image is see then many image
and idea. Come in the mind that is about the in Greek mythology with wings made
by his father Daedal. We using teacher secured with wax ignoring his father
warnings Icarus chose to fly too close to the sun melting the wax. And fell in
to the sea and drowned
it massage and connected of the too much
near of the doctor Faustus story. in he is very knowledgeable still he wanted
more so he takes help of black magic and Mephistopheles come many in example of
Faustus .and he is become more and more growing desire his wings are melting
fall down.
1. 1. How far do you agree with
Plato’s objection to freedom of expression and artistic liberty enjoyed by
creative writers? Name the texts (novels, plays, poems, movies, TV soaps etc
which can be rightfully objected and banned with reference to Plato’s objections)
I
do not agree with Plato’s objection but according to Plato belief this literature
should be banned, most of the and novelist are freedom in all his work who
writing in poet. Is not freedom anything write his expression .feeling this
entire thing he was not freedom for example James fifty shades of
grey.
2. With reference to the literary texts you
have studied during B.A. programme, write brief note on the texts which
followed Aristotelian literary tradition (i.e. his concept of tragedy,
catharsis, tragic hero with hamartia etc)
I have study during
B.A level Oedipus Rex by Sophocles follow in once upon time in the
literature tradition in compares in the Aristotle
tradition.
3. Have you studied any tragedies during
B.A. programme? Who was/were the tragic protagonist/s in those tragedies? What
was their ‘hamartia’? Shakespeare
play Othello and Oedipus rex this are find out the truth his tragedy Othello,
is and Oedipus protagonist is hamartia is acting without
thinking.
5.Did the ‘Plot’ of those tragedies
follow necessary rules and regulations proposed by Aristotle? (Like chain of
cause and effect, principle of probability and necessity, harmonious
arrangement of incidents, complete, certain magnitude, unity of action etc)
yes Shakespeare play Othello and Oedipus rex
follow all this rule necessary and regulation by Aristotle .
How far
do you agree with the India represented in the novel The White Tiger?
There is two India,
India of darkness in India of light. We
are looking this text in wider perspective this text is narrating a nation it
become very controversy, many angles novel is narrative Nation very ugly way.
satirize highlight corruption, talks very strongly on religion, society, do not
see anybody is so good everybody is corrupt all strata of society. That is
reflected all professional are corrupted people. Adiga represent very real
about India we give real life example
like do not get murderers after killing. Even Adiga criticize all of them
are India. Education, business, religion, democracy, river Ganga ,Gandhi
,Hospital, politician, Indian marriage, these are all discuss in detail dark humour
or satire of social realism ,criticism, corruption, in society the image
of India which is presented by Adiga. Balram taken out of
school because of his family crisis and put to work in tea shop. In
this novel where is reality of India children’s not allowed to study. Because
of poverty family don't have source of
incomethen they have to do kind of thing.Adiga wants to say threw balram halvai is something about subaltern
identity. Or can say servants desire to
be master. I will master, I am not become my master I will a good master. There
is also a bigger criticize English
education there is a debate going on like studying in English Medium School.
So how English play a vital role in India. For use English language to
criticise culture, Nation, religion, for him English.
In the novel also
represent the Indianparents are also forget given name of his children for example in the
novel present village laxmangrah first day Balram school was asked by his
teacher his name but his name was not true.
So how Adiga write
about teacher also. Even after eating to
Pan, he spit there in class. Adiga satire on teacher satire on education systemwhat kind of teacher does we
have in there. How school is portrayed in Literature we see in all books Life of Pi, and white tiger. Slum dog
Millionaire, also there is a school.
In novel how hanuman
portrait in context of servant hood. “Hanuman
Image of saffron colour creature half man half monkey, this is Hanuman everyone
favourite god in the darkness. Do you know about Hanuman sir he was faithful
servant of God Ram. And we worship him in our Temple because he is shining
example how to solve your master with absolute futility love and divorce.”
So in this example Adiga
says I don't want to be Hanuman. but
I will be master and, I will be Hanuman surround me so this is his way of
arguing that kind of logic through the critically look image of Hanuman.His ideas to come out from
servitude. That way it’s reflecting.
Indian wedding also here portrait how the
create condition for child. He studies in school. and how is leaving study
and going to work. Because of his cousins sister's wedding for preparation of dowry. Adiga also satire on Indian cast system.Balram halvai understand magic this magic law or
universals law to survival in India or any world. Either you eat or eaten away.
There is also very
significant symbolism rooster coop. India
has invented anything it is rooster coop rather than merely the invention.India has done this rooster coop, people
will be killed then we say that I was save it he died. Why should I worry about?
Show Rooster Coop is this when people are dying we don't question. So
India has invented Rooster coop that is what a Adiga bigger satire on India. It
started from family.
Do you
believe that Balram's story is the archetype of all stories of 'rags to
riches'?
Here in the novelBalram's story is the archetype of all
stories of 'rags to riches' white tiger there is a Balram richness is not progress but it's regress because he is morally corrupt
man being. he do not any kind of morality .Person goes there because of
they wanted to money . Balram How to reach where he is so that
confessional mode telling the process because they done several wrong things.
"Language bears within itself the necessity
of its own critique, deconstructive criticism aims to show that any text
inevitably undermines its own claims to have a determinate meaning, and
licences the reader to produce his own meanings out of it by an activity of
semantic 'freeplay' (Derrida, 1978, in Lodge, 1988, p. 108). Is it
possible to do deconstructive reading of The White Tiger? How?
Here we apply Derrida concept
of Balram himself say I am half backedIndian a person with an incomplete
understanding. Who sees the world is incomplete. You do not get 360 degree
viewpoint of everything. It’s mean whole knowledge, only singledimension of happening and so it loose
stone. we can break that half baked
individual cannot have 360 degree of view.
He calls himself half baked but he
himself tells it becomes very strong, loose stone in the narrative with perhaps
Adiga has beautifully put inside. Adiga says I am not saying, but it is
balram's point of view. Balram is half baked Indian he is not anther angel to
looking everything. Look from his that his perspective single view
perspective, is easily broken can easily be deconstructed however learned one
can be. This is balsam’s very narrow
vision of looking at everything from where he speaks about that Adiga puts
kind of loser stone in generation and he is there Indian ideas that critics
should come from inside then it is better.
Is it
possible to read The White Tiger in context of Globalisation?
Globalisation base
on capitalism or can say money minded. How does it unfold under the democracy?
Is under the threat because of over use of capitalism. that’s how arguments are
given that rich people keep political win leader in their pocket. Capitalism
globalisation will make everybody equally reach that is the idea.
Alfred Lord Tennyson is considered to be the greatest of the Victorian poets and is well known for craftsmanship in poetry.The poem is about an alone eagle perched on a steep rock in the sea. In his poem the poet visualizes some qualities of the eagle such as power, strength swiftness and agility and the Eagle is represented as an authoritative person. Eagles are large, powerful birds of prey. They have large, hooked beaks and excellent eyesight. They also have powerful talons/claws which help them catch prey. Eagles build their nests on high cliffs or in tall trees. The climax of the poem can be seen in the last line when the bird ‘falls’ like a thunderbolt to the sea below.
Subject matter:
He clasps the crag with crooked hands;
The poet tries to humanize the bird using the words, ‘he’ and ‘hands’. Even the verb ‘clasps’ has connotations of warmth and friendship as when we shake hands with others. However, the crooked claws help the bird to grip the surface of the rock very tightly and permanently in his effort to balance himself on the rock which is exposed to the unrelenting blasts of wind. The harsh alliteration of ‘k’ sound seems to echo the sound of the eagle and gives an impression of strength and power.
The second line associates the bird with the realm of the sky:
Close to the sun in lonely lands,
Suddenly, the close-up changes into a long shot like in a film. Now, we see the bird against the sky, at a superior height. The phrase ‘lonely lands’ seems to suggest the eagle’s domination of the sky. No other force to challenge its autonomy. It is quite comfortable and undisturbed in its position. The alliteration of ‘l’ sounds contributes to the musical quality of the line.
Ring’d with the azure world, he stands.
The words ‘azure world’ refers to the sky of the color of ocean blue. The bird is circled or ‘ring’d’ by the blue sky. The passive action of ‘stands’ which rhymes with ‘hands’ and ‘lands’ creates an effect of stillness or inertness. This is like a still shot in cinema. The comma before ‘he’ further heightens this stillness.
The second stanza begins with a bird’s eye-view of the sea which appears to be crawling beneath the towering cliff. In the second stanza also the strength and power of the eagle is emphasized further by presenting the Eagle as a high and mighty king before whom his subject bow ,almost cringe, with awe.
The wrinkled sea beneath him crawls;
The waves of the sea look like wrinkles of a cloth or skin from that great height. The rolling of the waves is diminished to ‘crawling’. Here the power of the sea is reduced with the use of the words “wrinkled “ and “ crawls” The word ‘crawls’ also reminds us about the reptiles who are eaten by eagles. In addition, the word ‘wrinkled’ reminds us of an old person while ‘crawls’ reminds us of a baby. Taken together, it might be suggestive of the life cycle of the humans or nature.
The next line takes us back to the eagle that appears to be poised for action: the Eagle is given a god – like presence.
He watches from his mountain walls,
It is not clear what he ‘watches’ from that great height. The eagle is a bird with a sharp vision and he may be watching some prey (a fish for example) far below. The word also builds up some tension as it prepares him for action. The words ‘mountain walls’ suggest the sharp incline of the rock and its inaccessibility.
The last line brings the poem to a superb climax:
And like a thunderbolt he falls.
Finally, the eagle dives off the cliff and swoops downward in a straight line in a graceful movement. It is an effortless action which depends on the gravitational acceleration. The word “falls” implies to the quick and sudden movement of the bird. The word ‘thunderbolt’ suggests the speed with which a thunderbolt strikes and thus the swiftness of the eagle. Thor is a hammer-wielding god associated with thunder, lightning and storms in Greek mythology. The bird may be diving at its prey which very little chance of escape has given the lightening speed at which it descends on him. As the Eagle sees the sight of a prey, it immediately shoots at it.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Tennyson is interested in the description of an element of nature to show how he links between social life and nature. He uses his wit to imply certain social and political issues to indicate superiority and inferiority.
Here given links to Classroom Thinking Activities:
“Here is my interpretation on OnenessofLiterature”
Onenessofliterature menace, Archetypal criticism based on the idea that
whole of the literature has onenessof its existence. All literature shares common
DNA or skeleton. ‘Tradition and
individual talent’ in speaker T. S Eliot say, should have historical sense
writer, reader should be very well read is demanding that now. Eliot say my
reader not very well read that will not understanding culturally, geographical sense.
It means readers should be historical sense, historical sense it means not only
pastness of past but present also,
Eliot its demanding that now.
Northrop Frye archetypal criticism it's connected all literature is universal pattern or DNA.
These lines from The Waste Land can better be understood if
we read it in the context of short story of Anton Chekhov (A Joke).
And when we
were children, staying at the archduke's,
My cousin's, he took me out on a sled,
And I was frightened. He said, Marie,
Marie, hold on tight. And down we went.
In the mountains, there you feel free.
These lines from Wasteland give us the
picture of the
memory of Childhood,
Marie and her brother relationship. In their some kind of the sexual Desire, sexual excitement, sexual
perversion expression it. For example movie “Tristan
and Iseult” in the movie their
is same relationship fall in love also then tragedy happened.
Russian story by” Anton Chekhov” short stories name is 'joke' in reference to
mountain, rain, coming down where is reference similar kind of idea in this short story also. Onenessof all literature is archetypal if you find one place it's some repeat
repetition is ofliterature like symbol ,
this idea of sexual Desire, or sexual
excitement, all together this is going down to in Mountain very much similarity.
In short story base on love story because there is some symbol of mountain, Garden, it's kind of imaginary or there is two characters talk each other and
they're express they view regarding in sexual Desire, sexual excitement, sexual
perversion , it's there.
In short can say their is lady character Mary is another one, but still she
recall her love everything. Even she was having three children. In last
line of story is, why I said that word
and why I jested with India.
So same imaginary is
repeat, repetition in literature is spiral movement it goes on. So
all literature is one DNA, in last can say in literature spirituality,
lack of spirituality, sexual perversion.
According to oxford dictionary the term post-truth was first used in a
1992 essay by the late, Serbian-American playwright Steve tesich in the nation.
The same year American journalist Eric alter man spoke of a "post-truth
political environment" and coined the term "the post-truth
presidency" in his analysis, of the misleading statements made by the
brush administration. After In his 2004 book Post-democracy.
The
use of Post-truth is more in politics, those who speak elsewhere do some else.
For example, when the time has come to Election in the country, the politics
people begin speaking. When our government will come in the country, then there
will be lot of benefits in the country, more convenience, everyone will change
the way to live. When it is not in reality, after the Election is completed in
the country something becomes different, when he spoke he was not the same. All
this is publicity only or propaganda. Politics and truth cannot go well together. Political leaders
always convince us through their cob-web of lies.
And the people emotionally
drown by their speeches. People are merely puppet in the hands of politician. Truth can be created by repetition of lies for example in TV
advertising one ad repeated constantly, so people are convinced that this is
true, though it is not true. Another can say how much advertising comes when we
watch TV but it’s actually advertising it’s not truth reality it’s kind of
propaganda. So what really is the problem between politics and truth
today? Is truth really anathema to politics? Perhaps politics has nothing to do
with truth. The main purpose of politics seems to be only to convince others. Our fight gets out of control because we make it a fight
about two opposite truths and not about two opposite opinion.
